Muri uku kwezi, Walmart irimo gukuraho imifuka yimpapuro imwe n’imifuka ya pulasitike kuri konti yo kugenzura i New York, Connecticut, na Colorado.
Mbere, isosiyete yahagaritse gukwirakwiza imifuka ya pulasitike imwe rukumbi i New York na Connecticut, ndetse no mu turere tumwe na tumwe twa Colorado.Walmart itanga imifuka yongeye gukoreshwa guhera kumafaranga 74 kubakiriya batazana imifuka yabo.
Walmart iragerageza gukomeza imbere y'amategeko amwe n'amwe arwanya plastiki.Abakiriya benshi nabo barasaba impinduka, kandi Walmart yihaye intego rusange yicyatsi cyo gukora imyanda ya zeru muri Amerika muri 2025.
Izi ntara n’izindi, ziyobowe n’abadepite ba demokarasi, zafashe ingamba zikaze kuri politiki y’ibidukikije, kandi Walmart ibona umwanya wo kwagura ingufu muri ibi bihugu.Itsinda ry’ibidukikije Surfrider Foundation rivuga ko Leta icumi n’uturere dusaga 500 mu gihugu hose byafashe ingamba zo kubuza cyangwa kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imifuka yoroheje ya pulasitike ndetse rimwe na rimwe, imifuka y’impapuro.
Muri leta za republika, aho Walmart n’andi masosiyete yangaga kugabanya plastike n’izindi ngamba z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, zagiye buhoro buhoro.Nk’uko bitangazwa na Surfider Foundation, ibihugu 20 byemeje amategeko yiswe amategeko yo gukumira abuza amakomine gushyiraho amabwiriza y’imifuka ya pulasitike.
Kwimuka ukava mu mifuka imwe rukumbi ya pulasitike n'impapuro ni “ingenzi,” nk'uko byatangajwe na Judith Enk wahoze ari umuyobozi w'akarere mu kigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije akaba na perezida wa none wa Beyond Plastics, umuryango udaharanira inyungu ukora mu gukuraho umwanda wa plastike ukoreshwa rimwe.
Ati: "Hariho ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa."Ati: “Ibi bikurura abantu akamaro ko kugabanya ikoreshwa rya plastiki.Biroroshye kandi. ”
Imifuka ya plastike yagaragaye muri supermarket no kumurongo wo kugurisha mumwaka wa 1970 na 80.Mbere yibi, abaguzi bakoreshaga imifuka yimpapuro bajyana ibiribwa nibindi bikoresho murugo.Abacuruzi bahinduye imifuka ya pulasitike kuko ihendutse.
Buri mwaka Abanyamerika bakoresha imifuka ya pulasitike igera kuri miliyari 100.Ariko imifuka ikoreshwa hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya pulasitike bitera ingaruka zitandukanye kubidukikije.
Umusaruro wa plastiki nisoko nyamukuru y’ibicuruzwa biva mu kirere bigira uruhare mu guhangana n’ikirere ndetse n’ikirere gikabije.Raporo yo mu 2021 yatangajwe na Beyond Plastics, inganda za plastiki zo muri Amerika zizasohora byibura toni miliyoni 232 z’ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe ku isi mu mwaka wa 2020. Uyu mubare uhwanye n’ikigereranyo cyoherezwa mu kirere cy’amashanyarazi 116 aciriritse y’amakara aciriritse.
Uyu muryango uteganya ko mu 2030, inganda za plastiki zo muri Amerika zizagira uruhare runini mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere kuruta inganda zikomoka ku makara y’iki gihugu.
Imifuka ya plastiki nayo ni isoko nyamukuru y’imyanda irangirira mu nyanja, imigezi n’imiyoboro, ibangamira inyamaswa.Itsinda ryita ku bidukikije ryita ku bidukikije Ocean Conservancy rivuga ko imifuka ya pulasitike ari ubwoko bwa gatanu bukunze kugaragara mu myanda ya pulasitike.
Nk’uko EPA ibivuga, imifuka ya pulasitike ntishobora kwangirika kandi 10% gusa y’imifuka ya pulasitike irasubirwamo.Iyo imifuka idashyizwe neza mumabati asanzwe, birashobora kurangirira mubidukikije cyangwa gufunga ibikoresho bitunganyirizwamo ibikoresho.
Ku rundi ruhande, imifuka y’impapuro, yoroshye kuyitunganya kuruta imifuka ya pulasitike kandi irashobora kwangirika, ariko leta n’imijyi bimwe na bimwe byafashe icyemezo cyo kubihagarika kubera imyuka myinshi ya karuboni ijyanye n’umusaruro wabyo.
Mu gihe ingaruka z’ibidukikije z’imifuka ya pulasitike ziza gukurikiranwa, imijyi n’intara bitangiye kubibuza.
Guhagarika imifuka ya pulasitike byagabanije umubare w’imifuka mu maduka kandi ushishikariza abaguzi kuzana imifuka ikoreshwa cyangwa kwishyura amafaranga make ku mifuka yimpapuro.
Enk yagize ati: "Itegeko ryiza ry'imifuka ribuza imifuka ya pulasitike n'amafaranga y'impapuro."Mugihe abakiriya bamwe batinya kuzana imifuka yabo, agereranya amategeko yimifuka ya plastike nibisabwa umukandara hamwe no guhagarika itabi.
Muri New Jersey, kubuza imifuka imwe ya pulasitike n'impapuro bivuze ko serivisi zo gutanga ibiribwa zahindutse mu mifuka iremereye.Abakiriya babo ubu binubira toni yimifuka iremereye ikoreshwa batazi icyo gukora.
Imifuka ishobora gukoreshwa - imifuka yimyenda cyangwa umubyimba mwinshi, imifuka iramba ya pulasitike - ntabwo nayo ari nziza, keretse iyo yongeye gukoreshwa.
Imifuka ya pulasitike iremereye ikozwe mubikoresho bimwe nkibisanzwe bisanzwe bikoreshwa mumashashi ya pulasitike, ariko biremereye inshuro ebyiri kandi byangiza ibidukikije keretse iyo bikoreshejwe kenshi.
Raporo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije mu 2020 yasanze imifuka yuzuye, ikomeye igomba gukoreshwa inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 20 ugereranije n’imifuka ya pulasitike imwe rukumbi.
Umusaruro wimifuka yipamba nayo ugira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije.Nk’uko gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije ibivuga, umufuka w’ipamba ugomba gukoreshwa inshuro 50 kugeza kuri 150 kugira ngo ugire ingaruka nke ku kirere kuruta umufuka wa pulasitike ukoreshwa rimwe.
Enk yavuze ko nta makuru yerekana inshuro abantu bakoresha imifuka ishobora gukoreshwa, ariko abaguzi barabishyura kandi birashoboka ko bazikoresha inshuro magana.Imifuka yimyenda nayo irashobora kwangirika kandi, urebye umwanya uhagije, ntago ibangamira ubuzima bwinyanja nkimifuka ya plastike.
Kugirango ushishikarize kwimuka mumifuka yongeye gukoreshwa, Walmart irayishyira ahantu henshi hafi yububiko no kongeramo ibyapa.Yahinduye kandi umurongo wa cheque kugirango yorohereze gukoresha imifuka ikoreshwa.
Muri 2019, Walmart, Target na CVS na bo bayoboye inkunga yo Kurenga Umufuka, igikorwa cyo kwihutisha gusimbuza imifuka ya pulasitike imwe rukumbi.
Enk yavuze ko Walmart igomba gushimirwa imbaraga zayo zo kurenga ku mategeko.Yagaragaje kandi ko Umucuruzi Joe ukoresha imifuka y’impapuro, na Aldi, ikuraho imifuka ya pulasitike mu maduka yayo yose yo muri Amerika mu mpera za 2023, nk’abayobozi mu kuva muri plastiki imwe rukumbi.
Mugihe leta nyinshi zishobora guhagarika imifuka ya pulasitike kandi abadandaza barayikuraho mumyaka iri imbere, bizagorana gukuraho imifuka mishya ya plastike muri Amerika.
Inkunga ya Surfider Foundation ivuga ko ku nkunga y’amatsinda y’inganda za pulasitike, ibihugu 20 byemeje amategeko yiswe amategeko yo gukumira abuza amakomine gushyiraho amabwiriza y’imifuka ya pulasitike.
Encke yavuze ko ayo mategeko yangiza kandi avuga ko barangiza bakababaza abasoreshwa baho bishyura isuku kandi bagakorana n’ubucuruzi butunganya ibicuruzwa igihe imifuka ya pulasitike ifunze ibikoresho.
Ati: “Inteko ishinga amategeko na ba guverineri ntibagomba kubuza inzego z'ibanze gufata ingamba zo kugabanya umwanda waho.”
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-08-2023